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Pruebas de carga en puentes de hormigon armado: Experiencia de un programa de pruebas en Holanda

I recently gave a presentation titled “Pruebas de carga en puentes de hormigon armado: Experiencia de un programa de pruebas en Holanda” at the 1er Congreso Iberamericano de Ingenieria Civil. In this presentation, I gave an overview of the load testing work in the Netherlands. This was my first technical presentation in Spanish (so to reduce the amount of speaking that I had to do, I threw in a lot of videos…).

The conference paper has as English title “Proof load testing of reinforced concrete bridges: Experience from a program of testing in the Netherlands” with the following abstract:

For existing bridges with large uncertainties, analytical methods have limitations. Therefore, to reduce these uncertainties, field testing of a bridge can be used. A type of such a field test is a proof load test, in which a load equivalent to the factored live load is applied. If the bridge can carry this load without signs of distress, the proof load test is successful, and it has been shown experimentally that the bridge fulfils the code requirements. It should be understood that this method for assessment is different from the diagnostic load tests that are carried out in Ecuador prior to opening a bridge. The loads used for proof load tests are significantly larger. Therefore, it is important to instrument the bridge for a proof load test, and to evaluate during the test that the load does not result in permanent damage to the bridge. To research this topic, and to develop recommendations for proof load tests, a series of proof load tests and a collapse test were carried out in the Netherlands. Additional laboratory testing was carried out as well. Based on this information, recommendations for proof load tests of reinforced concrete slab bridges have been developed for the failure modes of flexure and shear. In the German and North American guidelines for load testing, load testing for shear is not permitted. However, many existing bridges do not fulfil the requirements for shear upon assessment according to the current live load models. Even though more experimental research is needed to develop proof load testing for shear in a guideline or code for the Netherlands, the currently available research results already lead to interesting conclusions with regard to the behaviour of bridges proof load tested in shear, and the required safety margin to avoid damage to the bridge.

The Spanish version of the abstract is as follows:

Para puentes existentes con largas incertitudes, métodos analíticos tienen limitaciones. Por esa razón, pruebas en el puente mismo pueden ser usados para reducir las incertitudes. Se puede utilizar pruebas de carga, en las cuales se aplica una carga equivalente a la carga viva con sus factores de carga correspondientes. Si el puente puede sostener esa carga sin aflicción, la prueba de carga es exitosa, y se ha demostrado de una manera experimental que el puente cumple con los requisitos de la norma en términos de capacidad. Se debe entender que ese método de pruebas de carga no es lo mismo que las pruebas diagnósticas que se usan en el Ecuador antes de abrir un puente al público. Las cargas involucradas en pruebas de carga son bastante largas. Por esa razón, es importante aplicar sensores en el puente, y evaluar si la prueba no aplica danos permanentes al puente. Para investigar ese tema, y para desarrollar recomendaciones para pruebas de carga, se hicieron una serie de pruebas de carga en Holanda, junto con una prueba de colapso, y pruebas en vigas en el laboratorio. Con esa información, se han desarrollado recomendaciones para pruebas de carga en puentes de hormigón armado tipo losa, para las modas de falla de flexión y cortante. En los códigos alemanes (DAfStB Richtlinie) y estadounidenses (ACI 437.2M-13 y el Manual for Bridge Evaluation) para cargas de prueba, no se permite probar estructuras que pueden fallar en cortante, pero muchos puentes existentes no cumplen con los requisitos para cortante cuando se los evalúa con las cargas vivas de hoy en día. Aunque todavía más datos experimentales son necesarios para permitir pruebas de carga para cortante en un código Holandés, la investigación presente ya resulta en observaciones importantes con respeto al comportamiento de elementos sometidos a cortante y el margen de seguridad que se necesita en una prueba de carga para evitar danos al puente.

You can find the slides of the presentation below:

[slideshare id=17TfnyeAWhxUhm&w=595&h=485&fb=0&mw=0&mh=0&style=border:1px solid #CCC; border-width:1px; margin-bottom:5px; max-width: 100%;&sc=no]

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